工业生产粉尘爆炸预防和缓解──近期研究与发展综述

本文包括三个方面，即工业粉爆的基础研究、应用研究以及粉尘点人性和可爆性。基础研究包括粉尘云的形成和点火，火焰的传播以及粉煤产生的冲击波。工业预防措施包括惰化和消除点火源。缓解的方法包括隔爆、泄爆、部分惰化、抑爆和全封闭。基础研究和应用研究相互促进。计算机模拟模型可能成为非常有效的方法，也可用于专家系统。     

筒仓和容器中紊流度及粉尘浓度测定

采用ＬＤＡ及特殊粉尘测试系统测定了ＲＭＳ紊流度、流速及粉尘浓度，在标准的１ｍ３容器和１２ｍ３筒仓中进行的实验表明，１２ｍ３筒仓中的粉尘浓度与１ｍ３的数值相同，而１ｍ３容器的ＲＭＳ紊流度竖直分量（经０．６ｓ，ＲＭＳ＝５ｍ／ｓ）比１２ｍ３筒仓的值约高出２．５倍；若采用机械喷粉，则紊流度约高出１０倍。     

粉尘—空气混合物的最小爆炸浓度

对最小爆炸浓度估算的方法进行了评论，论述了对一些标准测试方法修改的必要性，以及引入新参数（如最小危险质量）的必要性。     

我国西北典型大城市大气可吸入颗粒物浓度分布特征

我国西北地区冬季寒冷、春季多风沙天气,空气中的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度较高,利用兰州、西宁、乌鲁木齐、银川、呼和浩特等城市2000年6月～2007年12月每日浓度最高的大气主要污染物(SO2,NO2,PM10)浓度资料,研究了5个省会城市PM10分布特征。结果表明,五个城市PM10污染都较严重,PM10为主要污染物的日数每月平均超过20天。五个城市的季节分布特征类似,冬春季浓度较高,平均值都达到了国家二级污染标准,夏秋季相对低一些。其中,兰州和乌鲁木齐冬季浓度值远高于其他城市。五个城市均属煤烟沙尘型污染,但煤烟和沙尘的影响程度有所不同。     

综放工作面端面冒顶事故的防治

通过对综放工作面煤壁片帮和端面冒顶机理的分析，提出了控制端面冒顶的主要技术措施，并在兖州兴隆庄矿破碎顶板综放工作面得到了应用，取得了显著的效果，有效地保证了安全生产     

粮食筒仓粉尘爆炸的安全措施

介绍了粮食筒仓粉尘爆炸的条件及爆炸的主要地点。提出了从设计、管理等方面采取的主要安全措施。     

Characteristics of coal mine ventilation air flows

Coal mine methane (CMM) is not only a greenhouse gas but also a wasted energy resource if not utilised. Underground coal mining is by far the most important source of fugitive methane emissions, and approximately 70% of all coal mining related methane is emitted to the atmosphere through mine ventilation air. Therefore, research and development on mine methane mitigation and utilisation now focuses on methane emitted from underground coal mines, in particular ventilation air methane (VAM) capture and utilisation. To date, most work has focused on the oxidation of very low concentration methane. These processes may be classified based on their combustion kinetic mechanisms into thermal oxidation and catalytic oxidation. VAM mitigation/utilisation technologies are generally divided into two basic categories: ancillary uses and principal uses. However, it is possible that the characteristics of ventilation air flows, for example the variations in methane concentration and the presence of certain compounds, which have not been reported so far, could make some potential VAM mitigation and utilisation technologies unfeasible if they cannot cope with the characteristics of mine site ventilation air flows. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows. Moreover, dust, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and other possible compounds emitted through mine ventilation air into the atmosphere are also pollutants. Therefore, this paper presents mine-site experimental results on the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows, including methane concentration and its variations, dust loadings, particle size, mineral matter of the dust, and other compounds in the ventilation air flows. The paper also discusses possible correlations between ventilation air characteristics and underground mining activities.     

The development of a novel method for directional dust monitoring

Dust monitoring using sticky pads was popularised in the 1980s. The discolouration caused by dust adhering to white adhesive material was measured with a smoke stain reflectometer. This loss of reflectance was expressed as the percentage effective area coverage (EAC%) per day. EAC% can be used as a measure of nuisance caused by dust. EAC% may also be measured with a hand-held Sticky Pad Reader (SPR). Sticky pads can be mounted on flat or cylindrical surfaces to measure dust by deposition or in flux. An alternative method was developed in the 1990s that measured total dust coverage using computer-based scanning. DustScan used a transparent adhesive film wrapped around a vertical cylinder with magnetic north marked. The sticky pad was sealed with another transparent sheet before scanning at 50 dots per inch (dpi). Dust levels were assessed by comparing the grey-scale values of pixels in the exposed area with an unexposed reference area. Insects and other extraneous material could be ‘masked out’ from the computer analysis. Dust coverage was expressed as percentage absolute area coverage (AAC%). DustScan has subsequently been developed commercially. A limited trial indicated that monitoring periods of 7–14 days were preferred to avoid dust saturation of the sticky pad. A method for calculating EAC% has been developed and shown to have a high degree of correspondence with an SPR. A trial for the Minerals Industry Research Organisation (MIRO) made comparisons between DustScan and other dust monitoring methods. Dust nuisance limits based on AAC% and EAC% are proposed.par     

除尘风机工况调节的实践

对常用的几种风机工况点调节方法进行了概述,并结合自身的实践论述了它的优点和缺点。     

红壤丘陵区人工林降水化学研究

对比研究了亚热带丘陵区几种人工林在对大气降水再分配后发生的水质变化。对P、K、Ca、Mg、Na、S元素的测定分析表明,不同林分具有不同的交换特性,3种人工林中Mg和K、Ca均较容易淋失,而对于P和Na则呈现明显的吸收或吸附作用。